La Marseillaise

La Marseillaise English: The Song of Marseille
Rouget de Lisle, Composer of the Marseillaise, sings it for the first time.
National Anthem of	France
Lyrics	Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle, 1792
Music	Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle, 1792
Adopted	1795

"La Marseillaise" (IPA: [la maʁ.sɛ.ˡjɛz]; in English The Song of Marseille) is the national anthem of France.

History

"La Marseillaise" is a song written and composed by Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle in Strasbourg on April 25, 1792. Its original name was "Chant de guerre pour l'Armée du Rhin" ("War Song for the Army of the Rhine") and it was dedicated to Marshal Nicolas Luckner, a Bavarian-born French officer from Cham. It became the rallying call of the French Revolution and received its name because it was first sung on the streets by volunteers (fédérés) from Marseille upon their arrival in Paris after a young volunteer from Montpellier called François Mireur had sung it at a patriotic gathering in Marseilles. A freshly graduated medical doctor, Mireur later became a general with Bonaparte and died in Egypt at 28.

Music was adapted from "Variazioni sulla Marsigliese per violino e orchestra" written by the Italian composer Giovanni Battista Viotti in 1784.

Its lyrics are heavily oriented toward Prussian and Austrian armies which were attacking France at the time (Strasbourg itself was attacked just a few days after). The Battle of Valmy turned the tables.

The Marseillaise was screamed during the Levée en Masse and met with huge success. The Levée en Masse allowed it to become famous across all of France.

Général Mireur, 1770-1798, anonymous, terra cotta, Faculty of Medecine, Montpellier, France.

The Convention accepted it as the French national anthem in a decree passed on Bastille Day, 1795, but it was then banned successively by Napoleon I, Louis XVIII, and Napoleon III, only being reinstated briefly after the July Revolution of 1830 and then permanently in 1879.^[1] During Napoleon III's reign Partant pour la Syrie was the unofficial anthem of the regime.

Re-arrangements

During French Revolution, Giuseppe Cambini published Patriotic airs for two violins, where the song is quoted literally and as a variation theme, with other patriotic songs.

Mozart piano concerto n° 25 (KV 503), composed a few years before, in 1786, was probably an inspiration for Rouget de Lisle, as the first 12 notes of the anthem are played at the end of the first movement allegro maestoso (16th-17th minutes).

"La Marseillaise" was re-arranged by Hector Berlioz about 1830.

Robert Schumann, while setting some Heinrich Heine poems to music, used part of the Marseillaise for Heine's "The Two Grenadiers" poem at the end of the piece when the old French soldier dies (Opus 49, No.1). Wagner also quotes from the Marseillaise in his setting of a French translation of the poem. Schumann also incorporated the Marseillaise as a major motif in his overture, 'Hermann und Dorothea' inspired by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.

Liszt also wrote a piano transcription of the anthem.

In 1882, Pyotr Tchaikovsky used extensive notes from the Marseillaise to represent the invading French army in his 1812 Overture. This was an anachronism, as the Marseillaise was the French anthem in Tchaikovsky's day, but not Napoleon's.

Edward Elgar quoted the opening of La Marseillaise in his choral work The Music Makers, based on Arthur O'Shaughnessy's Ode, at the line "We fashion an empire's glory", where he also quotes the opening phrase of Rule, Britannia!.

Serge Gainsbourg recorded a reggae version in 1978.

Henrik Wergeland wrote a Norwegian version of the song in 1831, called The Norwegian Marseillaise.

Lyrics

Note only the first verse (and sometimes the fifth and sixth) and the first chorus are sung today in France. There are some slight historical variations in the lyrics of the song; the following is the version listed at official website of the French Presidency^[2]

• FP National anthem (MP3 audio file).

In popular culture

Trivia sections are discouraged under Wikipedia guidelines. The article could be improved by integrating relevant items and removing inappropriate ones.

Movies

• In The Simpsons Movie this song's tune is Springfield's anthem. They claim they stole the tune from the French. The townspeople of Springfield's uses the tune to make an anthem to Springfield, declaring that the French have "a few things they do well, like making love, wine and cheese".
• In the 2007 film La Môme, the young Édith Piaf is shown singing the first verse and then the chorus of the song after her father's act re-enacting a true moment of the iconic chanteuse's life.
• The song was part of a famous scene in the film Casablanca in which French resistance sympathisers used the song to drown out the Nazi soldiers who were singing "Die Wacht am Rhein". ^[4] Various portion of La Marseillaise appears as recurring theme throughout the film especially in the opening credits where the entire song is played and at the very end of the film. These two songs were juxtaposed in exactly the same way five years earlier, in Jean Renoir's 1937 film Grand Illusion. Renoir traced the history of the song in the film he made the following year, "La Marseillaise".^[5]
• Abel Gance's film Napoléon features a scene in which the song is first sung by the French masses.
• On the other hand, the movie The Brothers Grimm which takes place in a German country under Napoleonic occupation, the same kind of scene can be seen with Germans singing their traditional songs in a tavern only to switch to the Marseillaise when Napoleonic officers enter. This is actually an error, as "La Marseillaise" was banned during Napoleon's rule.
• In the 1981 movie, Escape to Victory, the final scene features the entire crowd of the stadium in occupied Paris spontaneously sing La Marseillaise at the end of the game.
• In the 1937 French movie Grand Illusion, directed by Jean Renoir, that takes place during World War I, a group of French prisoners of war in a German POW camp spontaneously begin singing La Marseillaise in front of their German captors when it is announced that the French Army has won a significant victory.
• In Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World the captain of the ship warns the crew after a poor cannon exercise that their children will sing the Marseillaise.
• In the Blackadder movie Blackadder: Back & Forth, when Blackadder returns from his trip through time, he discovers that England is now under French rule because Napoléon won the Battle Of Waterloo, due to the fact that Blackadder accidentally crushed The Duke Of Wellington with his time machine. As his now-French guests walk up the stairs after conversing with him, they sing the first two lines of La Marseillaise.

Music

• Yannick Noah, "Aux Rêves"
• Django Reinhardt, "Echoes Of France"
• The Beatles, as part of "All You Need Is Love"
• Frank Sinatra, as part of "French Foreign Legion"
• In 1978, Serge Gainsbourg recorded a reggae version, "Aux armes et cætera", with Robbie Shakespeare, Sly Dunbar and Rita Marley in the choir in Jamaica, which resulted in him being threatened by members of an association of former paratroopers, who prevented him from singing it in a public concert.
• The Slovenian industrial/techno music group Laibach's album Volk features a version, with Laibach's own lyrics. The album Volk is entirely composed of song which parody various national anthems.
• Allan Sherman, "You went the Wrong way Old King Louie" begins with a parody of the Marseillaise before heading into a recitative and then settling into a parody of You've come a long way from St. Louis. His version begins, "Louis the Sixteenth was the king of France in 1789/He was worse than Louis the Fifteenth, he was worse than Louis the Fourteenth, he was worse than Louis the Thirteenth/He was the worst, since Louis the First!")
• There are various versions of the music. Sheet music can be found at [1]. An official version from the website of the French President can be found at the wayback machine's archive here: Wave File (660 KB).

Video games

• Glass Joe from Mike Tyson's Punch-Out!!, a Nintendo Entertainment System boxing game, uses part of the song as his ring theme.
• In the video game Dynamite Cop, whenever a player confronts a huge chef name Alexander, a piece of the French national anthem can be heard first in the music.
• Also featured in Sid Meier's Civilization I and Civilization IV as diplomatic music for the French civilization.
• Featured in Worms (series) during use of the "Sheep Strike" weapon in which flaming sheep are unleashed via airplane on the selected target before exploding into flames.

Miscellany

• The Brisbane Lions Australian rules football (AFL) team theme song "The Pride of Brisbane Town".
• The carillon of the town hall in the Bavarian town of Cham plays the Marsaillaise every day at 12.05 p.m. to commemorate the French Marshal Nicolas Luckner, who was born there.^[6]
• Hong Kong singer Hacken Lee integrated the anthem as an opening to his World Cup 1998 Theme Song "The strange encounters of a soccer fan"
• English language 'rugby song' version, as known in France amongst rugby-ites ^[7]
• In Monty Python's broadway musical Spamalot when confronted by French knights in the song "Run Away!"
• The 19th century Labour movement used a "Worker Marseillaise" (written 1864 by Jakob Audorf) that was later replaced by The Internationale. It was famously sung on the way to the gallows by those sentenced to death after the Haymarket Riot.
• The song's theme was used by Jacques Offenbach in his Opera "Orpheus in the Underworld" to illustrate a revolution amongst the Olympic gods and goddesses with the lines "Aux armes Dieux et Demi-Dieux".
• The British comedy series 'Allo 'Allo! spoofed Casablanca by having the patriotic French characters start singing "La Marseillaise", only to switch to Deutschlandlied when Nazi officers enter their cafe.
• Also featured in Isaac Asimov's short SF story, 'Battle-hymn' about how the national anthem is used as a subliminal advertising ploy.
• Featured in the Monty Python sketches, "A Man With a Tape Recorder Up His Nose" and "A Man With a Tape Recorder Up His Brother's Nose" and also "French lecture on sheep-aircraft"
• In the cartoon I Am Weasel, when the baboon tries to make a transatlantic bridge from the United States to France, he mistakenly builds it to Mexico. Once he reached the end, he sang a song with a tune similar to that of the French national anthem.

References

See also

• The "Belarusian Marseillaise", a patriotic song in Belarus
• The "Serbian Marseillaise" is a popular name for a Montenegrin patriotic song, There, o'er There!
• National anthem

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

La Marseillaise

Official French government sites

• French Presidency website

Other sites

• La Marseillaise performed by Roberto Alagna
• La Marseillaise - Iain Patterson's comprehensive fansite features sheet music, history, and music files. A full length six verse version of the anthem performed by David Zinman and the Baltimore Symphony Orchestra & Chorus can be found in the Berlioz page.
• Easybyte — free easy piano arrangement of La Marseillaise
• Adminet-France

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